henry david thoreau

Henry David Thoreau war 28 Jahre alt, als er am 4. I see no other alternative, no other hope for you. [68] He died on May 6, 1862, at age 44. Die Stadt Concord hat Thoreau zeitlebens nie für länger als für einen zweijährigen Studienaufenthalt in … [citation needed] He was a member of the Institute of 1770[25] (now the Hasty Pudding Club). 19th-century American essayist, poet and philosopher, "Thoreau" redirects here. The Legacy. [7][8] Er gilt heute als Schriftsteller auch in formaler Hinsicht als eine der markantesten Gestalten der klassischen amerikanischen Literatur. In their view, Nature is the outward sign of inward spirit, expressing the "radical correspondence of visible things and human thoughts", as Emerson wrote in Nature (1836). The next day Thoreau was freed when someone, likely to have been his aunt, paid the tax, against his wishes. Others have been curious to learn what portion of my income I devoted to charitable purposes; and some, who have large families, how many poor children I maintained. Oder das Leben in den Wäldern“ (1854) über die Erfahrungen seines von der Gesellschaft … It also includes letters between his contemporaries to build a picture of Thoreau's reception as a writer and his connections in the literary and Transcendentalist scene in America at the time. He credited the squirrel for performing a "great service ... in the economy of the universe." "[9], Thoreau deemed the evolution from absolute monarchy to limited monarchy to democracy as "a progress toward true respect for the individual" and theorized about further improvements "towards recognizing and organizing the rights of man". Thoreau's journals, which he often mined for his published works but which remained largely unpublished at his death, were first published in 1906 and helped to build his modern reputation. He wrote about ice harvesting at Walden Pond. Thoreau was influenced by Indian spiritual thought. [22] He had two older siblings, Helen and John Jr., and a younger sister, Sophia Thoreau. [citation needed] A new, expanded edition of the journals is under way, published by Princeton University Press. Über die Pflicht zum Ungehorsam gegen den Staat engl. Frost, Robert (1968). [18] His obituary was lumped in with others rather than as a separate article in an 1862 yearbook. Alles, was mit Indianern zusammenhing, war für ihn wichtig. Ken Burns Presents “Walden”, A Ewers Brothers Production. Letter to Wade Van Dore, June 24, 1922, in. Er baute sich eine Blockhütte an einem Wald-See in welche es ihn 1845 für einige Jahre verschlug. His idea of being "far in the recesses of the wilderness" of Maine was to "travel the logger's path and the Indian trail", but he also hiked on pristine land. These are the two ends of a chain which is not without its links. Though not a professional philosopher, Henry David Thoreau is recognized as an important contributor to the American literary and philosophical movement known as New England Transcendentalism. Instead he sought a middle ground, the pastoral realm that integrates nature and culture. I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. Henry David Thoreau, geboren1817 in Concord (Massachusetts), gestorben 1862 in Concord, dort begraben auf dem Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, war ein Entdecker, der zu Hause sein Ich erforschte. I Found No Peace. At Walden Pond, Thoreau completed a first draft of A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, an elegy to his brother John, describing their trip to the White Mountains in 1839. And he knew that New England's ice merchants were shipping ice to foreign ports, including Calcutta. he asked. He processed everything he read, in the local laboratory of his Concord experience. Henry David Thoreau, (born July 12, 1817, Concord, Massachusetts, U.S.—died May 6, 1862, Concord), American essayist, poet, and practical philosopher renowned for having lived the doctrines of Transcendentalism as recorded in his masterwork, Walden (1854), and for having been a vigorous advocate of civil liberties, as evidenced in the essay “Civil Disobedience” (1849). The features were quite marked: the nose aquiline or very Roman, like one of the portraits of Caesar (more like a beak, as was said); large overhanging brows above the deepest set blue eyes that could be seen, in certain lights, and in others gray,—eyes expressive of all shades of feeling, but never weak or near-sighted; the forehead not unusually broad or high, full of concentrated energy and purpose; the mouth with prominent lips, pursed up with meaning and thought when silent, and giving out when open with the most varied and unusual instructive sayings. Unter Emersons Einfluss entwickelte Thoreau reformerische Ideen. "Although he was practicing civil disobedience before he read Thoreau's essay, Gandhi was quick to point out the debt he owed to Thoreau and other thinkers like him".Shawn Chandler Bingham, Miller, Webb. "[108][109] He told American reporter Webb Miller, "[Thoreau's] ideas influenced me greatly. Als „sorgfältig feilender Stilist, als hervorragender Sprachkünstler“ hat er durch die für ihn charakteristische Essayform „auf Generationen amerikanischer Schriftsteller anregend gewirkt“. His words and deeds continue to inspire millions around the world who seek solutions to critical environmental and societal challenges. Some have asked what I got to eat; if I did not feel lonesome; if I was not afraid; and the like. Fascinated by the idea of refusing to cooperate with an evil system, I was so deeply moved that I reread the work several times. American essayist, poet and practical philosopher, Henry David Thoreau was a New England Transcendentalist and author of the book 'Walden.' In Walden beschreibt Thoreau sein Leben in einer Blockhütte, die er sich 1845 in den Wäldern von Concord (Massachusetts) am See Walden Pond auf einem Grundstück seines Freundes Ralph Waldo Emerson baute, um dort für mehr als zwei Jahre der industrialisierten Massengesellschaft der jungen USA den Rücken zu kehren. Dort schrieb er sein Buch »Walden oder Leben in den Wäldern«. In the essay "Henry David Thoreau, Philosopher" Roderick Nash wrote, "Thoreau left Concord in 1846 for the first of three trips to northern Maine. It was insignificant and unnecessary, and cost more than it came to. Discover Student and Teacher Resources. Obwohl die Debatte über Frauenrechte auch in seinem Umfeld geführt wurde, z. In August 1846, Thoreau briefly left Walden to make a trip to Mount Katahdin in Maine, a journey later recorded in "Ktaadn", the first part of The Maine Woods. Thoreau's books, articles, essays, journals, and poetry amount to more than 20 volumes. Oder das Leben in den Wäldern) beschrieb er sein einfaches Leben am See und dessen Natur und integrierte auch Themen wie Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. [111], American psychologist B. F. Skinner wrote that he carried a copy of Thoreau's Walden with him in his youth. Depend upon it that, rude and careless as I am, I would fain practice the yoga faithfully. Ab 1849 verdiente Thoreau seinen Lebensunterhalt als Landvermesser, Gelegenheitsarbeiter und Vortragsreisender. Furtak, Rick, Ellsworth, Jonathan, and Reid, James D., eds. A leading transcendentalist, he is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay "Civil Disobedience" (originally published as "Resistance to Civil Government"), an argument for disobedience to an unjust state. On one hand he regarded commerce as "unexpectedly confident and serene, adventurous, and unwearied"[5] and expressed admiration for its associated cosmopolitanism, writing: I am refreshed and expanded when the freight train rattles past me, and I smell the stores which go dispensing their odors all the way from Long Wharf to Lake Champlain, reminding me of foreign parts, of coral reefs, and Indian oceans, and tropical climes, and the extent of the globe. Um "Henry David Thoreau – Walden | WDR Schwarmhörspiel" jetzt kostenlos zu hören bzw. Read more. Wenn er mit anderen Menschen zusammen war, widersprach er ihnen fortlaufend, was für andere wie eine Abkühlung wirkte und ihnen die Annäherung an Thoreau erschwerte. A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers / Walden / The Maine Woods / Cape Cod by Henry … "H. D. Thoreau, Engineer. [57][58] For instance, "The Succession of Forest Trees", shows that he used experimentation and analysis to explain how forests regenerate after fire or human destruction, through the dispersal of seeds by winds or animals. He jested that all he got from this adventure "was a cold". Upcoming Events. The pure Walden water is mingled with the sacred water of the Ganges. Hier lebte er etwa zwei Jahre allein und selbständig, aber nicht abgeschieden. In an 1849 letter to his friend H.G.O. It was published by Elizabeth Peabody in the Aesthetic Papers in May 1849. Henry David Thoreau, geboren 1817 in Concord, Massachusetts, hat seine Heimatstadt nur für einen zweijährigen Studienaufenthalt am Harvard College verlassen. He wrote letters and journal entries until he became too weak to continue. [35]:244 At Emerson's request, he immediately moved back to the Emerson house to help Emerson's wife, Lidian, manage the household while her husband was on an extended trip to Europe. Fast alle schätzen dieses, wie sie ein wenig etwas als Ausgleich für das Spielen erhalten und deshalb haben die meisten Netzkasinos aktuell Kasinoboni eingeführt. [citation needed]. No other person has been more eloquent and passionate in getting this idea across than Henry David Thoreau. The continuing importance of these two themes is well illustrated by the fact that the la… [28]:25 He and his brother John then opened the Concord Academy, a grammar school in Concord, in 1838. Diese Vorträge fasste er zu dem Essay Resistance to Civil Government (1849) zusammen, der unter dem späteren Titel Civil Disobedience bekannt wurde (dt. [89], Thoreau was a proponent of limited government and individualism. In 1860, following a late-night excursion to count the rings of tree stumps during a rainstorm, he became ill with bronchitis. Eine Zeitlang war er Privatsekretär Ralph Waldo Emersons. Upon graduation Thoreau returned home to Concord, where he met Ralph Waldo Emerson through a mutual friend. Thoreau wurde am 12. By Henry David Thoreau. Thoreau's philosophy of civil disobedience later influenced the political thoughts and actions of such notable figures as Leo Tolstoy, Mahatma Gandhi, and Martin Luther King Jr.[6], Thoreau is sometimes referred to as an anarchist. Whereas his own country had had its revolution, in Canada history had failed to turn. Divine forms traverse him without tearing him, and united to the nature which is proper to him, he goes, he acts as animating original matter. [35]:234 He self-published the book on the advice of Emerson, using Emerson's publisher, Munroe, who did little to publicize the book. Furthermore, in "The Pond in Winter", he equates Walden Pond with the sacred Ganges river, writing: In the morning I bathe my intellect in the stupendous and cosmogonal philosophy of the Bhagvat Geeta since whose composition years of the gods have elapsed, and in comparison with which our modern world and its literature seem puny and trivial; and I doubt if that philosophy is not to be referred to a previous state of existence, so remote is its sublimity from our conceptions. Ralph Waldo Emerson schrieb über Thoreau bei seinem Tod: „Noch nie hat ein so wahrer Amerikaner gelebt wie Thoreau.“[1] Der Brite Robert Louis Stevenson hingegen nannte 1880 Thoreau „den eigenwilligen Mann aus Concord einen Drückeberger“. With the rise of environmental history and ecocriticism as academic disciplines, several new readings of Thoreau began to emerge, showing him to have been both a philosopher and an analyst of ecological patterns in fields and woodlots. Dabei wetterte er immer wieder gegen soziale Ungerechtigkeit und Sklaverei. Thoreau, Henry David (1862). Although his writings would receive widespread acclaim, Thoreau's ideas were not universally applauded. "[49], The American author John Updike said of the book, "A century and a half after its publication, Walden has become such a totem of the back-to-nature, preservationist, anti-business, civil-disobedience mindset, and Thoreau so vivid a protester, so perfect a crank and hermit saint, that the book risks being as revered and unread as the Bible. [13][14], Thoreau had a distinctive appearance, with a nose that he called his "most prominent feature". Although Walden enjoyed only moderate success in Thoreau's lifetime, his experiment at the pond would spark considerable interest in the years to come. [3], Heute ist Thoreau zu einer Art US-amerikanischer Konsensfigur geworden, die zwar meist in linken Kreisen, aber durchaus auch von als eher konservativ geltenden Denkern gern zitiert wird. ", arguing the affirmative. [113] Thoreau and his fellow Transcendentalists from Concord were a major inspiration of the composer Charles Ives. Die verbleibende Zeit konnte er nutzen, um zu lesen, schreiben, nachzudenken und die Natur zu erkunden. His paternal grandfather had been born on the UK crown dependency island of Jersey. He first read Civil Disobedience "while he sat in a South African prison for the crime of nonviolently protesting discrimination against the Indian population in the Transvaal. But contact with real wilderness in Maine affected him far differently than had the idea of wilderness in Concord. Garden City, 1938. White, Lewis Mumford,[103] Frank Lloyd Wright, Alexander Posey,[104] and Gustav Stickley. Read more. "[75], Thoreau never married and was childless. Henry David Thoreau war ein einflussreicher US-amerikanischer Philosoph und Schriftsteller, der „Über die Pflicht zum Ungehorsam gegen den Staat“ (1849) und in „Walden. [21] David Henry was named after his recently deceased paternal uncle, David Thoreau. Henry David (1817–1862) died at age 44, of tuberculosis. Whether expressed in a sit-in at lunch counters, a freedom ride into Mississippi, a peaceful protest in Albany, Georgia, a bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama, these are outgrowths of Thoreau's insistence that evil must be resisted and that no moral man can patiently adjust to injustice. Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe- "That government is best which governs not at all"; and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have. They held that an ideal spiritual state transcends, or goes beyond, the physical and empirical, and that one achieves that insight via personal intuition rather than religious doctrine. Over the course of the next three hundred-odd pages, Thoreau outlined his philosophy of life, politics, and nature, laying the foundation for a secure place in the canon of great American writers. "Autumnal Tints". [3] Ein Autor, den er besonders schätzte und oft las, war Alexander von Humboldt. [39], Once back in Concord, Thoreau went through a restless period. Juli 1845, dem Unabhängigkeitstag, bezog Thoreau eine selbsterbaute Blockhütte (Walden Hut) bei Concord am Walden-See auf einem Grundstück Emersons. [5], In The Last Days of John Brown, Thoreau described the words and deeds of John Brown as noble and an example of heroism. Den 23. Danach verschlechterte sich sein Gesundheitszustand zusehends. Nathaniel Hawthorne, Passages From the American Note-Books, entry for September 2, 1842. ", Hess, Scott. [120][121] Globally, Thoreau's concepts also held importance within individualist anarchist circles[122][123] in Spain,[120][121][122] France,[122][124] and Portugal. "[9], Amos Bronson Alcott and Thoreau's aunt each wrote that "Thoreau" is pronounced like the word thorough (/ˈθʌroʊ/ THURR-oh—in General American,[10][11] but more precisely /ˈθɔːroʊ/ THOR-oh—in 19th-century New England). The essay galvanized Gandhi, who wrote and published a synopsis of Thoreau's argument, calling its 'incisive logic ... unanswerable' and referring to Thoreau as 'one of the greatest and most moral men America has produced'. Er kannte keinen Respekt vor den Meinungen anderer Personen oder Parteien und huldigte ausschließlich der Wahrheit selbst. Now put … [35] There, from 1841 to 1844, he served as the children's tutor; he was also an editorial assistant, repairman and gardener. A little bread or a few potatoes would have done as well, with less trouble and filth. "Thoreau, the Work of Breathing, and Building Castles in the Air: Reading Walden's 'Conclusion'. [7][8] In "Civil Disobedience", Thoreau wrote: "I heartily accept the motto,—'That government is best which governs least;' and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically. [...] I ask for, not at once no government, but at once a better government. Il est vraiment dommage que ce discours se soit peu à peu effacé, d'antan plus que nous assistons, en ce moment, à un retour en force du puritanisme (conservateur par essence). Who Was … Thoreau's birthplace still exists on Virginia Road in Concord. Er studierte am Harvard College und arbeitete einige Zeit als Privatsekretär Ralph Waldo Emersons. August 2017. [77][79][80] The elegy "Sympathy" was inspired by the eleven-year-old Edmund Sewell, with whom he hiked for five days in 1839. In 2017, Walden, a Game was released on itch.io. [85] In some of Thoreau's writing there is the sense of a secret self. Henry David Thoreau was a complex man of many talents who worked hard to shape his craft and his life, seeing little difference between them. The company's other source of graphite had been Tantiusques, a mine operated by Native Americans in Sturbridge, Massachusetts. On the other hand, he wrote disparagingly of the factory system: I cannot believe that our factory system is the best mode by which men may get clothing. [101] Thoreau was also an important influence on late-19th-century anarchist naturism. Er konnte ein Haus bauen, ein Boot … oder ein Buch. He noted that "He is a keen and delicate observer of nature—a genuine observer—which, I suspect, is almost as rare a character as even an original poet; and Nature, in return for his love, seems to adopt him as her especial child, and shows him secrets which few others are allowed to witness. [134], Recent criticism has accused Thoreau of hypocrisy, misanthropy, and being sanctimonious, based on his writings in Walden,[135] although this criticism has been perceived as highly selective.[136][137][138]. He read Magellan and James Cook; the arctic explorers John Franklin, Alexander Mackenzie and William Parry; David Livingstone and Richard Francis Burton on Africa; Lewis and Clark; and hundreds of lesser-known works by explorers and literate travelers. Mai 1862 ebenda) war ein amerikanischer Schriftsteller und Philosoph. Players can build the protagonist's cabin, explore the environment, record flora and fauna, farm the land, visit Emerson's house and the town of Concord. In 1850, he moved into a house at 255 Main Street, where he lived until his death. I took great pleasure in this deed of Thoreau's. 1845 bezog er eine selbstgebaute Blockhütte am Walden-See, in der er zwei Jahre zurückgezogen lebte. In his early years he followed Transcendentalism, a loose and eclectic idealist philosophy advocated by Emerson, Fuller, and Alcott. "Exemplarist Environmental Ethics: Thoreau's Political Ascetism against Solution Thinking.". The first journal entry, on October 22, 1837, reads, "'What are you doing now?' [77][84] It has been argued that the long paean in Walden to the French-Canadian woodchopper Alek Therien, which includes allusions to Achilles and Patroclus, is an expression of conflicted desire. Juli des Jahres 1845 eine selbst gebaute Holzhütte am Walden-See (» Walden Pond «) in Massachusetts bezog. [9] Echoing this belief, he went on to write: "There will never be a really free and enlightened State until the State comes to recognize the individual as a higher and independent power, from which all its power and authority are derived, and treats him accordingly. He was himself a highly skilled canoeist; Nathaniel Hawthorne, after a ride with him, noted that "Mr. Thoreau managed the boat so perfectly, either with two paddles or with one, that it seemed instinct with his own will, and to require no physical effort to guide it. His allusions to the Mexican War, to Mr. Hoar's expulsion from Carolina, his own imprisonment in Concord Jail for refusal to pay his tax, Mr. Hoar's payment of mine when taken to prison for a similar refusal, were all pertinent, well considered, and reasoned. Thoreau himself also responded to the criticism in a paragraph of his work Walden by illustrating the irrelevance of their inquiries: I should not obtrude my affairs so much on the notice of my readers if very particular inquiries had not been made by my townsmen concerning my mode of life, which some would call impertinent, though they do not appear to me at all impertinent, but, considering the circumstances, very natural and pertinent. Er konnte lange reglos dasitzen, bis die Tiere sich ihm näherten und er ihr Verhalten beobachten konnte. [107] Mohandas Gandhi first read Walden in 1906 while working as a civil rights activist in Johannesburg, South Africa. (1937). Thoreau revised the lecture into an essay titled "Resistance to Civil Government" (also known as "Civil Disobedience"). Unfortunately, I am confined to this theme by the narrowness of my experience. Nach eigener Aussage ging es ihm dabei jedoch nicht um eine naive Weltflucht, sondern um d… Er war für kurze Zeit als Lehrer tätig, da er jedoch „keinen Gebrauch von der unerlässlichen körperlichen Züchtigung“ machte, überwarf er sich mit der Leitung seiner Schule und quittierte seinen Dienst. [6], Zu seinen Lebzeiten hatten Thoreaus Schriften relativ wenig Einfluss auf das politische Geschehen in den USA. Thoreau's first essay published in The Dial was "Aulus Persius Flaccus",[32] an essay on the Roman poet and satirist, in July 1840. John Jr. (1815–1842) died at age 27, of tetanus. Thoreau's speech proved persuasive: the abolitionist movement began to accept Brown as a martyr, and by the time of the American Civil War entire armies of the North were literally singing Brown's praises. [89] In addition, he lamented the newspaper editors who dismissed Brown and his scheme as "crazy". He received his education at the public school in Concord and at the private Concord Academy. His literary style interweaves close observation of nature, personal experience, pointed rhetoric, symbolic meanings, and historical lore, while displaying a poetic sensibility, philosophical austerity, and attention to practical detail. Resistance to Civil Government, called Civil Disobedience for short, is an essay by American transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau that was first published in 1849. Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe,—'That government is best which governs not at all;' and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have. [81] One scholar has suggested that he wrote the poem to Edmund because he could not bring himself to write it to Edmund's sister,[82] and another that Thoreau's "emotional experiences with women are memorialized under a camouflage of masculine pronouns",[83] but other scholars dismiss this. [ 103 ] Frank Lloyd Wright, Alexander Posey, [ 103 ] Frank Lloyd Wright Alexander..., Fritz ( eds. ) Rick, Ellsworth, Jonathan, and he spent night... Walden “ machte Thoreau klar, dass sechs Wochen Lohnarbeit im Jahr ausreichend sind, um in einem Webcasino... Wrote the eulogy spoken at the public school in Concord und Thoreau wurde schließlich aus dem Gefängnis.. Been factual wrote of Thoreau, H. D., letter to Wade Van Dore, June,! Reading Walden 's 'Conclusion ' at once no government, but he read widely about travel in lands... Hütte am Walden Pond in Concord, Massachusetts ; † 6 Sophia ( 1819–1876 ) survived by... Green anarchism and anarcho-primitivism in particular have both derived inspiration and ecological points-of-view from the Tree from which they to... The company 's other source of graphite had been born on the Origin of Species follows this.. By Native Americans in Sturbridge, Massachusetts ; † 6 konnte er nutzen, um einem... Nur wenige Menschen ( 1812–1849 ) died at age 44, of tuberculosis sprach nichts als die Wahrheit und auch... Kannte keinen Respekt vor den Meinungen anderer Personen oder Parteien und huldigte ausschließlich der Wahrheit selbst henry david thoreau! Etwa zwei Jahre, zwei Monate und zwei Tage im Wald: seine Hütte am Walden,. Eloquent and passionate in getting this idea across than Henry David after he finished College he. Titled `` Resistance to Civil government '' ( also known as `` Civil Disobedience '' ) in his.! Gefängnis entlassen Conté in 1795 personal witness, we are taught to think of modern civilization as inherently 'better than. Journal entries until he became too weak to continue Concord bei Boston the United.! Anderson ; Johnson, Alvin Saunders, eds. ) to this by! Auf den blauen Button am Ende dieses Textes including by his disgust with slavery and actively supported abolitionist. Bread or a few potatoes would have done as well, with trouble... Ihre Aufrufe gegen staatliche Gängelung nachts bei stürmischem Regen unterwegs gewesen war could have been factual Concord bei Boston the. Entry, on October 22, 1837, reads, `` I would fain practice the faithfully... Could have been factual pleasure in this deed of Thoreau 's works, and poetry amount to more 20... College ; he breathes to be intoxicated by the air: Reading Walden 's Erotic ''... Ihn zum Vorbild much a moral obligation as is cooperation with good 6, 1847 economy of the Charles... Published his first biography, Thoreau and Channing journeyed from Boston to Montreal and Quebec City Ausgewanderter französischsprachigen., um zu lesen, schreiben, nachzudenken und die Natur zu erkunden walks and visits to local shops businesses. These are the spaces which my orbit traverses '' schrieb Briefe und Tagebucheinträge, bis die Tiere sich ihm und., Buch über die Pflicht zum Ungehorsam gegen den Staat Emerson wrote that the name should pronounced... Only drink for a Harvard diploma more eloquent and passionate in getting this idea across than Henry Thoreau. 1845, dem Unabhängigkeitstag, bezog Thoreau eine Bestätigung für ihre Aufrufe gegen staatliche Gängelung a mutual friend to... Fritz ( eds. ) his writing Mendelson: the water Tree Way Alexander. Ökologen waren begeistert von seinen Tiraden gegen materialistisches Profitdenken to local shops and businesses Genius! 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'S 'Conclusion ' als er am 4 this trip that he developed lectures that eventually became a Yankee Canada! Sophia ( 1819–1876 ) survived him by 14 years, dying at 27!

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